A valve is a tool/device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a liquid (gas, liquid, fluidized solid) by opening, closing or closing part of the flow path.
Valves in everyday life are most obvious in water pipes, such as taps for water. Other familiar examples include gas control valves on stoves, small valves installed in bathrooms and many more.
Valves play an important role in industrial applications ranging from transporting drinking water to controlling ignition in rocket engines.
Valves can be operated manually, either by handle, pedal lever and so on. Apart from being able to be operated manually, the valve can also be operated automatically using the principle of changing flow, pressure, temperature, etc. These changes can affect the diaphragm, spring or piston which in turn activates the valve automatically.
VALVE FUNCTION
Various types of valves, along with their respective usage criteria. The following are the main functions of the valve:
To close and open the flow on condition that when it is open it has minimum flow resistance and pressure loss. For example: gate, ball, plug and butterfly valve.
To regulate the flow, by blocking the flow by changing direction or using an obstacle, it can also be a combination of both.
To prevent back flow, check valves (lift check and swing check) are usually used. This valve will remain open and will close if there is flow in the opposite direction.
To regulate pressure, in some valve applications, the incoming pressure (line pressure) must be reduced to reach the desired pressure. Usually uses a pressure-reducing valve or regulator.
For pressure relief, use a relief valve and safety valve. Relief valves are used to overcome excessive pressure which can cause problems
process flow and even process failure. Meanwhile, the safety valve uses a spring (spring loaded), this valve will open if the pressure exceeds a predetermined limit.
Valve Type:
The following are the types of valves with their respective characteristics and working methods:
Gate Valves
This type is designed to open and close the flow by tightly closing and fully opening, so this valve is not suitable for regulating the flow rate because it is less accurate in controlling the amount of flow.
Plug Valve
It has the same function as a gate valve, namely by closing or opening the flow as a whole. However, some applications of this valve are used to control flow, such as in gas delivery.
Ball Valves
This type can be operated at fluid temperatures of -450°F to -500°F. The ball valve is a quick opening valve type which only requires 1/4 turn from the fully closed to fully open position.
Globe valves
The flow in the valve changes direction, resulting in quite large friction even when it is wide open. This type of valve is quite important when used for tight closure, especially on gas flow.
Needle Valves
Basically, this type is used in instruments, gages and line service meters. This valve can be used for very accurate throtling and can also be used at high pressure and high temperature.
Diaphragm Valve
This valve has the advantage of having a calm flow and the fluid will flow without obstacles. This type is very good for flow control and closing very tight flows even though the pipeline contains suspended solids. Diaphragm valves are suitable for corrosive fluids, viscous materials, fibrous materials, sludges, solids in suspension, gas and compressed air.
Butterfly Valves
This is a low pressure valve with a very simple design that is used to control and regulate flow, to fully open and fully close it only takes 1/4 turn.
Check valves
This type is designed to prevent backflow. Check valves consist of several types such as lift check, swing check and ball check.
Pressure Relife Valve
This type is classified as a safety valve, used to prevent overpressure in the piping process system and prevent equipment damage. There are two types of safety valves, namely relief valves and pop valves, both types can open quickly. Relief valves are used to relieve excess pressure while pop valves are used for high pressure applications. However, these two types should not be used if the fluid is corrosive, involves back-pressure, involves pressure control or a bypass valve.
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