Vacuum Pump

A vacuum pump is a device used to remove gas molecules from a sealed volume to create or maintain a vacuum. The working principle of a vacuum pump involves reducing the air pressure inside a sealed container to achieve a vacuum condition, where the pressure inside the container is significantly lower than atmospheric pressure.

Here are some common types of vacuum pumps:

1. Mechanical Pumps: Utilize mechanisms such as pistons or diaphragms to remove air or gas. Examples of mechanical pumps include piston pumps, rotary vane pumps, and scroll pumps.
2. Diffusion Pumps: Use oil or mercury vapor to transport gas from a low-pressure area to a high-pressure area, thereby creating a deeper vacuum.
3. Turbomolecular Pumps: Employ the rapid rotation of a rotor to move gas molecules and create a very high vacuum. They are typically used in applications requiring ultra-high vacuum.
4. Ion Pumps: Use electric or magnetic fields to ionize and move gas from the sealed volume. These pumps are highly efficient for achieving extremely high vacuums.